Environmental governance in the Semi-arid region of Bahia

cross-sector networks, sustainability and structural challenges

Abstract

This article investigates polycentric governance arrangements for environmental management in the Bahian Semi-arid, focusing on the Articulation of the Brazilian Semi-Arid (ASA) and the State Committee of the Caatinga Biosphere Reserve in Bahia (CERBCAAT-BA). Through document analysis and in-depth interviews with representatives from six key organizations, the research found that, although these arrangements include multiple stakeholders, sustainability has primarily been driven by public institutions and civil society. Interviewees highlighted community leadership in preserving the Caatinga biome and promoting local knowledge, while the private sector was often perceived with skepticism due to environmentally harmful practices. The results demonstrate significant socio-political, environmental and economic impacts, such as advances in income generation and distribution, environmental conservation and water security. However, they also expose challenges such as weak executive structures, insufficient integration of public policies and local initiatives, and the need for effective corporate accountability. The study contributes to the debate on environmental sustainability and collaborative governance in vulnerable regions, aligning with the challenges raised by the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30).